Sep 06, · People with Disabilities. Children and adults with mobility limitations and intellectual or learning disabilities are at greatest risk for obesity. 1, 2, 3 20% of children 10 through 17 years of age who have special health care needs are obese compared with 15% of children of the same ages without special health care needs. 6 Annual health care costs of obesity that are related to disability A comprehensive approach is most effective at addressing childhood obesity in schools, especially for elementary and middle school students. 1,2 Scientists know less about what school-based obesity prevention approaches are effective for teenagers. 1,2 A comprehensive approach means addressing nutrition and physical activity in schools and involving parents, caregivers, and other community Oct 12, · The obesity epidemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health (WHO, a).A body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m 2 is generally considered overweight, while obesity is considered to be a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m blogger.com is well known that obesity and overweight are a growing problem globally with high
Disability and Obesity | CDC
Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Narrative review based on literature searches of PubMed up to May with no date limits imposed. Over one obesity term paper of U. adults have obesity. Obesity is an increasing, global public health issue. Patients with obesity are at major risk for developing a range of comorbid conditions, including cardiovascular disease CVDobesity term paper, gastrointestinal disorders, type 2 diabetes T2Djoint and muscular disorders, respiratory problems, and psychological issues, obesity term paper, which may significantly affect their daily lives as well as increasing mortality risks.
In facilitating the process of obesity term paper weight for patients, nurse practitioners play an essential role. The World Health Organization WHO defines overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health WHO, a. Figure adapted from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC.
Obesity is associated with a significant increase in mortality, obesity term paper, with a life expectancy decrease of 5—10 years Berrington de Gonzalez et al. For a BMI of Reproduced with permission from NRC Research Press, from Kuk et al.
CVD, cardiovascular disease; NW, normal weight. The metabolic and cardiovascular aspects of obesity are closely linked. Furthermore, central obesity defined by waist circumference is the essential component of the International Diabetes Federation IDF definition of the metabolic syndrome raised triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol, raised blood pressure, and raised fasting plasma glucose; International Diabetes Federation, Obesity is also closely associated with OSA.
To start, a number of the conditions associated with obesity such as insulin resistance Ip et al. The wide range of morbidities associated with obesity represents a significant clinical issue for individuals with obesity.
However, as significant as this array of risk factors is for patient health, the risk factors can be positively modified with weight loss.
As was referred to earlier, children and adolescents are becoming increasingly affected by obesity. There is also obesity term paper support in the literature for relationships between childhood obesity and asthma, poor dental health cariesnonalcoholic fatty liver disease NAFLDand gastroesophageal reflux disease GERD; Pulgaron, Further benefits may be evident with greater weight loss, particularly for dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension.
Benefits of modest weight loss. Lines demonstrate the ranges in which weight loss has been investigated and shown to have clinical benefits. Arrows indicate that additional benefits may be seen with further weight loss.
Figure adapted from Cefalu et al. Reduction in cardiovascular mortality with modest weight reduction. Figure © Elsevier. Reproduced with permission from Li et al. Weight loss increased the likelihood of individuals reverting from prediabetes to normoglycemia DPP Research Group et al. Data indicate that weight loss is beneficial, although not curative, in patients with obesity who experience OSA.
Once these improvements in AHI have occurred, they seem to persist for some time, irrespective of a certain degree of weight regain.
In one study, an initial mean weight loss of A study utilizing MRI scanning to examine the effects of weight loss on NAFLD has reported a reduction in liver fat from Taking an active role in addressing obesity through behavioral modifications or exercise can also reduce the symptoms of depression Fabricatore et al.
Despite the array of benefits, weight loss can also be linked with certain risks that may need to be managed. Gallstone formation is particularly associated with bariatric surgery when weight loss exceeds 1. Structured lifestyle support plays an important role in successful weight management.
This particular structured program, delivered in a primary healthcare setting, included initial assessment and goal setting, an eating plan and specific lifestyle goals, personalized activity program, and advice about managing obstacles to weight loss, obesity term paper.
Data from NWCR, From the outset, a patient's estimate of their achievable weight loss may be unrealistic. Visual resources showing the health and wellness benefit of modest weight loss may thus be helpful Osunlana et al. This group lost a mean of Continued support from healthcare staff may help patients sustain the necessary motivation for lifestyle changes. It is important to consider a patient's education and environment when formulating a weight loss strategy as environmental factors may need to be challenged to help facilitate weight loss.
So it is possible that a family's genetic profile could contribute to eating choices. To address behavioral factors, it is important to ensure that families have appropriate support and information and that any early signs of weight gain are dealt with promptly. A healthy home food environment can help individuals improve their diet. Family mealtimes are strongly associated obesity term paper better dietary intake and a randomized controlled trial to encourage healthy family meals showed a promising reduction in excess weight gain in prepubescent children Fulkerson et al.
Community health advocates have identified the failure of many families to plan meals or prepare food as a barrier to healthy family eating patterns Fruh, Mulekar, Hall, Fulkerson et al. Meal planning allows healthy meals to be prepared in advance and frozen for later consumption Fruh, Mulekar, Hall, Adams et al, obesity term paper.
The initial and ongoing interactions between patient and nurse practitioner are keys for the determination of an effective approach and implementation of a weight loss program and subsequent weight maintenance.
The initial interaction can be instigated by either the nurse practitioner or the patient and once the decision has been made to manage the patient's weight, obesity term paper, the evaluation includes a risk assessment, obesity term paper, a discussion about the patient's weight, and treatment goal recommendations American Nurse Practitioner Foundation, Patients may struggle with motivation, and therefore, obesity term paper, ongoing discussions around the health benefits and improvements to quality of life as a result of weight loss may be required American Nurse Practitioner Foundation, Treatment approaches encompass nonpharmacological and pharmacological strategies; however, obesity term paper, it is important to remember that any pharmacological obesity term paper used should be used as an adjunct to nutritional and physical activity strategies American Nurse Practitioner Foundation, Pharmacotherapy options for weight management are discussed further in the article by Golden in this supplement.
The importance of obesity management is underscored both by the serious health consequences for individuals, obesity term paper, but also by its increasing prevalence globally, and across age groups in particular.
These physiological effects ultimately lead to the development of a range of morbidities, including CVD, T2D, OSA, and certain cancers along with many others, as well as causing a significant impact on mortality.
In addition, weight loss reduces the risk for certain cancer types and has positive effects on most comorbidities including asthma, GERD, liver function, urinary incontinence, fertility, joint pain, and depression. Techniques such as motivational interviewing that focus on addressing resistance to behavioral change in a supportive and optimistic manner may help individuals in integrating these changes to allow them to become part of normal everyday life and thus help with maintaining the weight loss.
The authors are grateful to Watermeadow Medical for writing assistance in the development of this manuscript. This assistance was funded by Novo Nordisk, who also had a role in the review of the manuscript for scientific accuracy.
The author discussed the concept, drafted the outline, commented in detail on the first iteration, made critical revision of later drafts, and has revised and approved the final version obesity term paper submission.
Disclosures Dr. Sharon Fruh serves on the Novo Nordisk Obesity Speakers Bureau. In compliance with national ethical guidelines, the author reports no relationship with business or industry that would post a conflict of interest.
Writing and obesity term paper support was provided by Watermeadow Medical, and funded by Novo Nordisk. The copyright line in this article was changed on 9 August after online publication, obesity term paper.
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Journal List Wiley-Blackwell Online Open PMC Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract. Published online Oct doi: PMCID: PMC Sharon M. Fruh 1 College of Obesity term paper, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, Find articles by Sharon M.
Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer, obesity term paper. Fruh, Email: ude, obesity term paper. amabalahtuos hurfs. Corresponding author. amabalahtuos hurfs.
Received Apr 26; Revised Jul 20; Accepted Jul Copyright © The Authors. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Nurse Practitioners. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Methods Narrative review based on literature searches of PubMed up to May with no date limits imposed. Conclusions Over one third of U.
Keywords: Obesity, nurse practitioner communication, weight management, health, obesity term paper, effects. Introduction Obesity is an increasing, global public health issue. The obesity term paper epidemic The World Health Organization WHO defines overweight and obesity as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health WHO, obesity term paper. Open in a separate window.
Figure 1.
Research directions for solving the obesity epidemic in high-risk populations
, time: 59:59The Impact of Obesity on Your Body and Health | ASMBS
Adapted from Perri MG, McAllister DA, Gange JJ, et al. Effects of four maintenance programs on the long-term management of obesity. J Consult Clin Psychol ;56(4)–; with permission. With respect to the case study at the start of this paper, the physician should not expect ongoing weight loss without ongoing support and interaction Sep 06, · People with Disabilities. Children and adults with mobility limitations and intellectual or learning disabilities are at greatest risk for obesity. 1, 2, 3 20% of children 10 through 17 years of age who have special health care needs are obese compared with 15% of children of the same ages without special health care needs. 6 Annual health care costs of obesity that are related to disability obesity have increased since then and the analysis did not include all diseases linked to obesity. The NHS carried out 6, bariatric surgery procedures in / This is likely to have cost in the region of £ million,6 although in the long-term these procedures can be cost saving to the NHS
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